A Set of Art Songs Linked by a Common Theme Is Called

Vocal music limerick, usually written for 1 voice with piano accompaniment

Bar five of Schubert's art song entitled Nacht und Träume. The vocal office, including the melody notes and the text, is in the top stave. The two staves beneath are the piano office.

An art song is a Western song music composition, usually written for one voice with piano accompaniment, and usually in the classical art music tradition. By extension, the term "art song" is used to refer to the collective genre of such songs (e.1000., the "fine art song repertoire").^[1] An fine art song is most often a musical setting of an contained poem or text,^[1] "intended for the concert repertory"^[2] "as part of a recital or other relatively formal social occasion".^[iii] While many pieces of vocal music are easily recognized as fine art songs, others are more difficult to categorize. For case, a wordless vocalise written by a classical composer is sometimes considered an art song^[one] and sometimes not.^[four]

Other factors assist ascertain art songs:

Songs that are office of a staged work (such as an aria from an opera or a song from a musical) are not unremarkably considered art songs.^[5] However, some Baroque arias that "appear with neat frequency in recital functioning"^[5] are now included in the art song repertoire.
Songs with instruments as well piano (due east.g., cello and pianoforte) and/or other singers are referred to every bit "song chamber music", and are usually not considered art songs.^[6]
Songs originally written for vocalism and orchestra are called "orchestral songs" and are not usually considered art songs, unless their original version was for solo voice and piano.^[7]
Folk songs and traditional songs are more often than not not considered art songs, unless they are art music-style concert arrangements with piano accompaniment written past a specific composer^[8] Several examples of these songs include Aaron Copland'due south two volumes of Former American Songs, the Folksong arrangements by Benjamin Britten,^[9] and the Siete canciones populares españolas (Seven Spanish Folksongs) past Manuel de Falla.
There is no agreement regarding sacred songs. Many vocal settings of biblical or sacred texts were composed for the concert phase and not for religious services; these are widely known equally art songs (for example, the Vier ernste Gesänge by Johannes Brahms). Other sacred songs may or may not be considered art songs.^[x]
A group of fine art songs composed to be performed in a group to class a narrative or dramatic whole is called a song bike.

Languages and nationalities [edit]

Art songs accept been composed in many languages, and are known by several names. The High german tradition of art song limerick is mayhap the most prominent one; it is known as Lieder. In France, the term mélodie distinguishes art songs from other French vocal pieces referred to as chansons. The Spanish canción and the Italian canzone refer to songs generally and not specifically to fine art songs.

Form [edit]

The composer's musical language and interpretation of the text often dictate the formal design of an art song. If all of the poem's verses are sung to the same music, the song is strophic. Arrangements of folk songs are oftentimes strophic,^[one] and "in that location are exceptional cases in which the musical repetition provides dramatic irony for the changing text, or where an nearly hypnotic monotony is desired."^[1] Several of the songs in Schubert's Die schöne Müllerin are good examples of this. If the vocal melody remains the same but the accompaniment changes under information technology for each verse, the piece is called a "modified strophic" song. In contrast, songs in which "each department of the text receives fresh music"^[1] are called through-composed. Virtually through-composed works accept some repetition of musical material in them. Many fine art songs use some version of the ABA class (also known as "song form" or "ternary course"), with a starting time musical department, a contrasting centre section, and a render to the first section's music. In some cases, in the return to the first section's music, the composer may brand modest changes.

Functioning and performers [edit]

Operation of art songs in recital requires special skills for both the singer and pianist. The degree of intimacy "seldom equaled in other kinds of music"^[1] requires that the 2 performers "communicate to the audience the most subtle and evanescent emotions equally expressed in the verse form and music".^[ane] The two performers must hold on all aspects of the performance to create a unified partnership, making art song performance one of the "most sensitive type(s) of collaboration".^[1] As well, the pianist must be able to closely match the mood and graphic symbol expressed by the singer. Even though classical vocalists generally embark on successful performing careers as soloists by seeking out opera engagements, a number of today's about prominent singers take built their careers primarily by singing fine art songs, including Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, Thomas Quasthoff, Ian Bostridge, Matthias Goerne, Wolfgang Holzmair, Susan Graham and Elly Ameling. Pianists, as well, take specialized in playing art songs with great singers. Gerald Moore, Geoffrey Parsons, Graham Johnson, Dalton Baldwin, Hartmut Höll and Martin Katz are half-dozen such pianists who accept specialized in accompanying art song performances. The piano parts in art songs can be so circuitous that the piano office is not really a subordinate accessory part; the pianist in challenging art songs is more of an equal partner with the solo vocaliser. Every bit such, some pianists who specialize in performing fine art song recitals with singers refer to themselves equally "collaborative pianists", rather than as accompanists.

Composers [edit]

British [edit]

John Dowland
Thomas Campion
William Byrd
Thomas Morley
Henry Purcell
Hubert Parry
Frederick Delius
Ralph Vaughan Williams
Roger Quilter
John Ireland
Ivor Gurney
Peter Warlock
Michael Head
Madeleine Dring
Gerald Finzi
Jonathan Pigeon
Benjamin Britten
Morfydd Llwyn Owen
Michael Tippett
Ian Venables
Judith Weir
George Butterworth
Francis George Scott
Rebecca Clarke

American [edit]

Austrian and German language [edit]

Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach
Joseph Haydn
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Ludwig van Beethoven
Franz Schubert
Felix Mendelssohn
Fanny Mendelssohn
Robert Schumann
Clara Schumann
Carl Loewe
Johannes Brahms
Hugo Wolf
Gustav Mahler
Richard Strauss
Alexander von Zemlinsky
Arnold Schoenberg
Anton Webern
Alban Berg
Erich Wolfgang Korngold
Viktor Ullmann
Hanns Eisler
Kurt Weill
Paul Hindemith
Wilhelm Killmayer
Josephine Lang
Emilie Mayer

French [edit]

Hector Berlioz
Charles Gounod
Pauline Viardot
César Franck
Camille Saint-Saëns
Georges Bizet
Emmanuel Chabrier
Henri Duparc
Jules Massenet
Gabriel Fauré
Claude Debussy
Erik Satie
Maurice Ravel
Lili Boulanger
Nadia Boulanger
Albert Roussel
Reynaldo Hahn
Darius Milhaud
Francis Poulenc
Olivier Messiaen
Henri Dutilleux
Cécile Chaminade

Romanian [edit]

George Enescu
Dinu Lipatti
Pascal Bentoiu
Irina Hasnaș

Spanish [edit]

Latin American [edit]

Italian [edit]

Claudio Monteverdi
Barbara Strozzi
Gioachino Rossini
Gaetano Donizetti
Vincenzo Bellini
Francesca Caccini
Giuseppe Verdi
Amilcare Ponchielli
Paolo Tosti
Ottorino Respighi
Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco
Luciano Berio
Lorenzo Ferrero

Eastern European [edit]

Franz Liszt – Hungary (nearly all his art vocal settings are of texts in non-Hungarian European languages, such every bit French and German)
Antonín Dvořák – Bohemia
Leoš Janáček – Bohemia (Czechoslovakia)
Béla Bartók – Hungary
Zoltán Kodály – Hungary
Frédéric Chopin – Poland
Stanisław Moniuszko – Poland

Nordic [edit]

Edvard Grieg – Norway (set German besides equally Norse and Danish poetry)
Jean Sibelius – Finland (set both Finnish and Swedish)
Yrjö Kilpinen – Finland
Wilhelm Stenhammar – Sweden
Hugo Alfvén – Sweden
Carl Nielsen – Denmark

Russian [edit]

Mikhail Glinka
Alexander Borodin
César Cui
Nikolai Medtner
Modest Mussorgsky
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
Alexander Glazunov
Sergei Rachmaninoff
Sergei Prokofiev
Igor Stravinsky
Dmitri Shostakovich

Ukrainian [edit]

Vasyl Barvinsky^[11]
Stanyslav Lyudkevych^[11]
Mykola Lysenko
Nestor Nyzhankivsky
Ostap Nyzhankivsky
Denys Sichynsky^[eleven]
Myroslav Skoryk
Ihor Sonevytsky
Yakiv Stepovy
Kyrylo Stetsenko

Asian [edit]

Nicanor Abelardo – Philippines
Ananda Sukarlan – Indonesia

Afrikaans [edit]

Jellmar Ponticha
Stephanus Le Roux Marais

Arabic [edit]

Iyad Kanaan – Lebanon

Meet also [edit]

Kundiman
Song
Vocal bike

Footnotes [edit]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^east ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Meister, An Introduction to the Fine art Vocal, pp. 11–17.
^ Art Song, Grove Online
^ Randel, Harvard Dictionary of Music, p. 61
^ Kimball, Introduction, p. thirteen
^ ^a ^b Kimball, p. xiv
^ Meister calls information technology "a variety of fine art song" (p. 13); Kimball does not include these works in her report of art songs.(p. 14)
^ Meister, p. fourteen, and Kimball, p. xiv
^ Meister refers to them equally a "hybrid medium", p. fourteen
^ Benjamin Britten, Complete Folksong Arrangements (61 Songs), edited by Richard Walters, Boosey & Hawkes #M051933747, ISBN 1423421566
^ Neither Meister nor Kimball mention sacred songs generally, only both talk over the Brahms songs and selected other works in their books on art song.
^ ^a ^b ^c Composers – Ukrainian Art Song Project Archived 2015-04-16 at the Wayback Machine

References [edit]

Draayer, Suzanne (2009), Art Song Composers of Kingdom of spain: An Encyclopedia, Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, ISBN 978-0-8108-6362-0
Draayer, Suzanne (2003), A Vocalist's Guide to the Songs of Joaquín Rodrigo, Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Printing, ISBN 978-0-8108-4827-6
Kimball, Carol (2005), Song: A Guide to Fine art Song Style and Literature, revised edition, Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Hal Leonard, ISBN978-1-4234-1280-9
Meister, Barbara (1980), An Introduction to the Art Vocal, New York, New York: Taplinger, ISBN0-8008-8032-3
Randel, Don Michael (2003), The Harvard Dictionary of Music, Harvard University Press, p. 61, ISBN0-674-01163-5 , retrieved 2012-10-22
Villamil, Victoria Etnier (1993), A Vocaliser's Guide to the American Art Song (2004 paperback ed.), Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, ISBN0-8108-5217-9

External links [edit]

Hampsong Foundation
Joy In Singing
The LiederNet Archive - texts to over 165,000 vocal works with over 35,000 translations
Fine art Song Fundamental
The Art Vocal Project
The African American Art Song Alliance
Fine art Song Composers of Spain
Canadian Art Song Projection
Latin American Art Vocal Alliance
Ukrainian Art Song Projection
Ukrainian art songs. Audio files.
Hispasong.com Spanish vocal music, in English.
Art Song Colorado
Canciones de España—Songs of Nineteenth-Century Kingdom of spain [one]
lottelehmannleague.org/singing-sins-archive (archived Hawaii Public Radio broadcasts about arts songs)

headlamcomay1975.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_song